Research brief
Are achievement gap estimates biased by differential student test effort?
2019
By:James Soland
Description
New research shows that test effort differs substantially across student gender and racial subgroups. What does this mean for achievement gap estimates?
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Technical appendix for: Learning during COVID-19: Reading and math achievement in the 2020-2021 school year
The purpose of this technical appendix is to share more detailed results and to describe more fully the sample and methods used in the research included in the brief,Learning during COVID-19: Reading and math achievement in the 2020-21 school year.
Two research questions were investigated in this brief:
1. How do gains across the 2020-21 school year compare to pre-pandemic trends?
2.2021年春,学生成绩如何compare to pre-pandemic levels?
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